Abstract:
Diets
supplemented
with
Sweet
Or-ange
Peel
Meal
(OPM)
were
fed
to
juvenile
or ange
koi
carp
in
static
water
condition
fOI'
sixteen
weeks.
The
diets
contained
0-20'Y.,
OPM,
at
an
increment
of
5%,
and
each
was
formulated
to
42%
crude
protein
level
and
3000
kcal
ME/Kg.
Survival
was
about
78%
each
among
groups
of
fish
fed
diets
containing
15
and
20°1.,
OPM,
and
post
mortem
examination
of
the
dead
fishes
revealed
hypertrophy
of
the
gall
bladde
r,
Similarly,
the
gl'oups
of
fish
fed
diets
with
5-10%
OPM
inclusion
had
relatively
large
and
thickly
pigmented
gall
bladder
compared
with
fish
fed
the
control
diet
without
the
meal.
In
fish
fed
diets
containing
OPM,
the
granulocytes
accounted
fOI'
52-56%
while
agrnnulocytes
(lymphocyte/monocyte)
accounted
fOI'
44-48%
of
the
Total
Leucocyte
Count.
Unlike
in
the
control
treatment,
the
proportions
of the
granulocytes
were
more
than
those
of the
agl'anulo-
cytes'
in fish
fed
diets
supplemented
with
OPM,
and
this
indicates
physiological
abnormality.
The
observed
hypertrophy
of
the
gall
bladder
and
the
relative
pr
oportions
of
the
gl'allUlo-
cytes
and
agranulocytes
suggest
nutritional
toxicity
attributable
to
the
OPM.
Research
on
the
antinuh'itional
or
toxic
elements
in
orange
peel
meal
and
the
appropriate
treatment
is
desired
in
order
to
exploit
its
nutrients
for
koi
carp.
